T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 8,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0m t\u0103ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0y. Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 4,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Matr\u00edcula Consular. Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0.<\/p>\n
M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gay g\u1eaft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd di tr\u00fa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c an ninh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i xem x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Mexico, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Mexico, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Mexico<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Mexico \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p Th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Matr\u00edcula, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Matr\u00edcula, cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i trong 131 n\u0103m qua. Th\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbnh danh l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
An ninh c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Mexico
\nV\u0103n ph\u00f2ng \u0110\u0103ng k\u00fd L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u0110\u01a1n xin nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho vi\u00ean ch\u1ee9c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y khai sinh c\u1ee7a Mexico v\u00e0 th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh do c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico c\u1ea5p (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u1ebb \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd c\u1eed tri, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y khai sinh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft h\u1ea1n). N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00e0y, l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u1ebd x\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m tra l\u00fd l\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Mexico. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ti\u1ec7n \u00edch. \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c. Th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ed1 th\u1ebb v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd trung \u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i Mexico.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n khi c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3. H\u1ecd nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00ec vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi ba th\u1ebb nh\u1eadp h\u1ecdc mang t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trung h\u1ecdc th\u00f4ng qua gian l\u1eadn.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng Matr\u00edculas c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe do c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u1ea5p. Nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, th\u1ebb r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe s\u1ebd s\u1edbm c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3: Mexico \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu, x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Mexico v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i sinh c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. M\u1ed7i t\u1ea5m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 29 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong n\u0103m n\u0103m. Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadp c\u01b0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Mexico. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u00edt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu, th\u1ebb xanh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 matr\u00edcula kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 2001 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2002 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn matr\u00edcula tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1ed7i lo s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng sau ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Mexico n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb th\u1ebb th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi 47 l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp "l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng" \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i Matr\u00edcula \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. N\u0103m 2002, Mexico \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n 1,4 tri\u1ec7u th\u1ebb lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, so v\u1edbi 664.000 th\u1ebb tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2001.<\/p>\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap Matr\u00edculas h\u1eefu \u00edch h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ebb. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2002, Mexico \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh c\u1ee7a Matr\u00edcula v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p ph\u00e1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, s\u1edf c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch nh\u1eafm v\u00e0o hai nhu c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Mexico kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd: kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u01a1 quan th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i<\/p>\n
Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd mu\u1ed1n m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. Kho\u1ea3ng 43 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Latinh \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 Mexico kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. B\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m thu nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu chi ph\u00ed giao d\u1ecbch cao v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n v\u1ed1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Ti\u1ec1n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 1,1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m GDP c\u1ee7a Mexico. Do \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Mexico c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Trong hai n\u0103m qua, Matr\u00edcula \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u01a1n 70 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 56 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u khi m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 Citibank, Bank of America, US Bancorp v\u00e0 Wells Fargo. Wells Fargo \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf h\u01a1n 70.000 t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n m\u1edbi k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 2001.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh uy t\u00edn. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico \u0111\u00e3 trang b\u1ecb cho th\u1ebb nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb m\u1edbi n\u00e0y t\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1edbn trong ng\u00e0nh. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 7 n\u0103m 2002, B\u1ed9 T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u "Bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng" c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt an ninh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt USA Patriot, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n x\u00e1c minh danh t\u00ednh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c s\u1edf c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1. Tr\u00ean to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 800 s\u1edf ban ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y qu\u00e9t cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb.<\/p>\n
C\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t hoan ngh\u00eanh lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb n\u00e0y v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do sau:
\n\u2022 B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb n\u00e0y gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh mang theo ho\u1eb7c t\u00edch tr\u1eef nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c v\u00e0 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00ednh c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn matr\u00edcula.
\n\u2022 Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1o c\u00e1o t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t l\u01b0u gi\u1eef h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.
\n\u2022 N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n v\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i giam gi\u1eef h\u1ecd qua \u0111\u00eam, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n b\u00e1o c\u00e1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd b\u1ecb giam gi\u1eef.
\n\u2022 Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y khi b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7n l\u1ea1i.
\n\u2022 C\u00e1c matr\u00edculas gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t t\u1ec9nh.
\n\u2022 C\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadp c\u01b0, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a Matr\u00edcula<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n
Th\u1ebb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t h\u1eb9p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty ti\u1ec7n \u00edch v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. USAir v\u00e0 Aerom\u00e9xi<\/p>\n
Co v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula cho c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Hoa K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n
Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a 80 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m Tucson, Phoenix, Denver, Los Angeles, San Antonio, San Francisco, Chicago, Houston v\u00e0 Dallas, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u01b0 xin th\u1ebb th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, xin gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p kinh doanh, \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd cho tr\u1ebb em v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. \u1ede c\u1ea5p ti\u1ec3u bang, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u bang hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 13 ti\u1ec3u bang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng khi c\u1ea5p gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. \u1ede c\u1ea3 Arizona v\u00e0 Colorado, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 quan l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua lu\u1eadt c\u1ea5m ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng matr\u00edcula.<\/p>\n
\u1ede c\u1ea5p li\u00ean bang, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean bang \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u01b0 tr\u00fa h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u00fa t\u00e0i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eb1m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o t\u00f2a \u00e1n li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i do \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. B\u1ed9 An ninh N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn Matr\u00edcula. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd An to\u00e0n Giao th\u00f4ng (TSA) cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra ti\u00eau ch\u00ed ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n khi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay. M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula cho c\u00e1c giao d\u1ecbch ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan li\u00ean bang ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n do n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea5p ngo\u00e0i h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m theo<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng Mexico. C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Guatemala g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Peru c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec3m trong v\u00f2ng hai th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi. Honduras, El Salvador v\u00e0 Ba Lan c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch tri\u1ec3n khai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 Mexico. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Mexico c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi trong c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Guatemala t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu Mexico v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t h\u01a1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng c\u1ea5p h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c minh t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 k\u00e9m an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Matr\u00edcula c\u1ee7a Mexico. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ID t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp theo t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3. Trong khi th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u lo ng\u1ea1i cho c\u1eed tri th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 Pakistan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed7i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n
C\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/p>\n
C\u1ea3 th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi. C\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, bao g\u1ed3m:
\n\u2022 So v\u1edbi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe, h\u1ed9 chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p, th\u00ec gi\u1ea5y khai sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o? Nh\u00ecn chung, nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt?
\n\u2022 V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, li\u1ec7u Hoa K\u1ef3, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 hay t\u1eebng ti\u1ec3u bang c\u00f3 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cho th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc hay kh\u00f4ng? Trong khi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Hoa K\u1ef3, th\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n.
\n\u2022 Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1? Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Matr\u00edcula ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd n\u00ean c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn.
\n\u2022 T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao? Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n
tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00e0o khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c thi ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0... V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u00ean m\u00e1y bay ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 li\u00ean bang th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.
\n\u2022 C\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0o? Kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Mexico v\u1edbi Matr\u00edcula l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3 thi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Philippines c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n
Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea5p th\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n
Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ebb n\u00e0y s\u1ebd th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u00eanh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p l\u00e1i xe do ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ea5p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 an ninh kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ID l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p l\u1edbn cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n
Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u coi th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch coi th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t lu\u1eadt nh\u1eadp c\u01b0; Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1eb1m \u1edf ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c k\u00eanh di c\u01b0 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n
Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean bang, ti\u1ec3u bang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
Ngu\u1ed3n<\/p>\n
Th\u01b0a b\u00e0, Sheila. 2003. Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc phi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Nh\u00f3m Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 g\u1ed1c T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 Gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1. Washington, ng\u00e0y 26 th\u00e1ng 3.<\/p>\n
Nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng Dinerstein, Marti. 2003. Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di tr\u00fa, Washington: CIS.<\/p>\n
\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Mexico t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 L\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n Mexico t\u1ea1i Washington, DC<\/p>\n
G\u1eedi, Jeffrey. 2002. \u201c\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.\u201d Ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f4ng tin di c\u01b0.<\/p>\n
Suro, Robert, Sergio Bendixen, B. Lindsay Lowell v\u00e0 Dulce C. Benavides. 2002. H\u00e0ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 g\u1ed1c La-tinh, ki\u1ec1u h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Washington: Trung t\u00e2m Pew Hispanic.<\/p>\n
Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c. 2002. B\u00e1o c\u00e1o di c\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf: 2002.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng 8,5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 9 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 lo l\u1eafng n\u00e0y. Theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 kho\u1ea3ng 4,7 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mexico \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mexico c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 matr\u00edcula consular. Th\u1ebb c\u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3nh s\u1ef1 Mexico mang l\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"featured_media":22619,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[925],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-22568","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-personalausweis","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"taxable","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/22568","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/22568\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22849,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/22568\/revisions\/22849"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22568"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=22568"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=22568"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/primeprintingweb.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=22568"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}